BIOTIC Species Information for Molgula manhattensis
Researched byDr Keith Hiscock Data supplied byMarLIN
Refereed byThis information is not refereed.
Reproduction/Life History
Reproductive typeGonochoristic
Developmental mechanismOviparous
Reproductive SeasonInsufficient information Reproductive LocationInsufficient information
Reproductive frequencyAnnual protracted Regeneration potential No
Life spanInsufficient information Age at reproductive maturityInsufficient information
Generation time<1 year FecundityInsufficient information
Egg/propagule sizeInsufficient information Fertilization typeInsufficient information
Larvae/Juveniles
Larval/Juvenile dispersal potential1km-10km Larval settlement periodInsufficient information
Duration of larval stage<1 day   
Reproduction Preferences Additional InformationBerrill (1931) noted that Molgula tubifera (possibly a synonym of Molgula manhattensis) collected from the Salcombe Estuary and Millbay Docks in Plymouth were oviparous and had a tadpole larva that developed outside of the body. The tadpole developed and hatched in about 10 hours at a temperature of 18°C and the tadpole larva settled after a further one to 10 hours. Samples were collected in spring and summer and it seems likely that time of reproduction is for an extended time and certainly during summer. Berrill (1931) further describes the larval biology of Molgula manhattensis from North America and notes much the same development as in Molgula tubulifera.
Reproduction References Berril, 1950, Berrill, 1931,
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