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| Basic Information | Biotope classification | Ecology | Habitat preferences and distribution | Species composition | Sensitivity | Importance |
Sea pens and burrowing megafauna in circalittoral soft mud
SS.SMu.CFiMu.SpnMeg
Image Mark Davies - Pennatula phosphorea and Turritella communis in muddy sediment. Image width ca XX cm.
Image copyright information
SS.SMu.CFiMu.SpnMeg recorded (
) and expected (
) distribution in Britain and Ireland (see below)
Habitat sensitivity
Physical Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substratum Loss | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | High |
| Smothering | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | No change | High |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | No change | Moderate |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Low | Very high | Very low | No change | Moderate |
| Desiccation | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | High |
| Increase in emergence regime | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | High |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | High |
| Increase in water flow rate | High | High | Moderate | Minor decline | Moderate |
| Decrease in water flow rate | High | High | Moderate | Minor decline | Low |
| Increase in temperature | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
| Decrease in temperature | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
| Increase in turbidity | Low | Very high | Very low | No change | Moderate |
| Decrease in turbidity | Low | Very high | Very low | No change | Moderate |
| Increase in wave exposure | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | Moderate |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | High |
| Noise | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | Not relevant | High |
| Visual Presence | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | Not relevant | High |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Intermediate | High | Low | Decline | Moderate |
| Displacement | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | No change | Moderate |
Chemical Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic compound contamination | High | Moderate | Moderate | Decline | Low |
| Heavy metal contamination | Intermediate | High | Low | Decline | High |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | High |
| Radionuclide contamination | Low | High | Low | Minor decline | Moderate |
| Changes in nutrient levels | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Moderate |
| Increase in salinity | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | Moderate |
| Decrease in salinity | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | Moderate |
| Changes in oxygenation | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | Minor decline | Moderate |
Biological Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | Intermediate | High | Low | High | |
| Introduction of non-native species | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | Not relevant | Moderate |
| Extraction of this species | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Moderate |
| Extraction of other species | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
Species used to indicate biotope intolerance
Physical factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional | |
| Substratum Loss | High | High | High | Intermediate |
| Smothering | Low | Tolerant | Low | Tolerant |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Low | Tolerant | Low | Tolerant |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Tolerant | |||
| Desiccation | Not relevant | Low | Low | Not relevant |
| Increase in emergence regime | Not relevant | Low | Low | Not relevant |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Tolerant | |||
| Increase in water flow rate | High | Low | High | Intermediate |
| Decrease in water flow rate | Tolerant | |||
| Increase in temperature | Intermediate | Low | Low | Intermediate |
| Decrease in temperature | Low | |||
| Increase in turbidity | Tolerant | Tolerant | Low | Tolerant |
| Decrease in turbidity | Tolerant | |||
| Increase in wave exposure | High | Low | High | Intermediate |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Not relevant | |||
| Noise | Low | Tolerant | Low | Tolerant |
| Visual Presence | Tolerant | Tolerant | Tolerant | Tolerant |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Intermediate | Not relevant | Low | High |
| Displacement | Low | Low | Low | Tolerant |
Chemical factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional |
|
| Synthetic compound contamination | Insufficient information | High | High | Insufficient information |
| Heavy metal contamination | Insufficient information | Intermediate | Intermediate | Intermediate |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | Insufficient information | High | High | Insufficient information |
| Radionuclide contamination | Low | Intermediate | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
| Changes in nutrient levels | Low | Low | Tolerant* | Insufficient information |
| Increase in salinity | High | High | Not relevant | Intermediate |
| Decrease in salinity | High | |||
| Changes in oxygenation | High | Low | Low | High |
Biological factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional |
|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Intermediate |
| Introduction of non-native species | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Tolerant |
| Extraction of this species | Intermediate | Intermediate | Not relevant | Intermediate |
| Extraction of other species | Tolerant | Tolerant | Tolerant | Tolerant |
Species used to indicate biotope recoverability
Physical factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional | |
| Substratum Loss | Moderate | High | Moderate | High |
| Smothering | Immediate | Not relevant | Very high | Not relevant |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Immediate | Not relevant | Very high | Not relevant |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Not relevant | |||
| Desiccation | Not relevant | Very high | Very high | Not relevant |
| Increase in emergence regime | Not relevant | Very high | Very high | Not relevant |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Not relevant | |||
| Increase in water flow rate | Moderate | High | Moderate | High |
| Decrease in water flow rate | Not relevant | |||
| Increase in temperature | Moderate | High | High | High |
| Decrease in temperature | High | |||
| Increase in turbidity | Not relevant | Not relevant | Very high | Not relevant |
| Decrease in turbidity | Not relevant | |||
| Increase in wave exposure | High | High | Moderate | Very high |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Not relevant | |||
| Noise | Immediate | Not relevant | Immediate | Not relevant |
| Visual Presence | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Moderate | Not relevant | Very high | High |
| Displacement | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Not relevant |
Chemical factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional |
|
| Synthetic compound contamination | Insufficient information | High | Moderate | Not relevant |
| Heavy metal contamination | Insufficient information | High | High | High |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | Insufficient information | High | Moderate | Insufficient information |
| Radionuclide contamination | High | High | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
| Changes in nutrient levels | High | Very high | High | Insufficient information |
| Increase in salinity | Moderate | High | Not relevant | High |
| Decrease in salinity | Moderate | |||
| Changes in oxygenation | Moderate | Very high | Very high | High |
Biological factors
| Virgularia mirabilis Important characterizing | Callianassa subterranea Key functional | Amphiura filiformis Important functional | Liocarcinus depurator Important functional |
|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | High |
| Introduction of non-native species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Extraction of this species | High | High | Not relevant | High |
| Extraction of other species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
This review can be cited as follows:
Hill, J.M. 2004. Sea pens and burrowing megafauna in circalittoral soft mud. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 24/05/2013]. Available from: <http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatsensitivity.php?habitatid=131&code=2004>
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