Biodiversity & Conservation

Sensitivity

Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata

CR.HCR.XFa.FluCoAs

Image David Connor - Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata. Image width ca 10 cm.
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CR.HCR.XFa.FluCoAs recorded () and expected () distribution in Britain and Ireland (see below)

Habitat sensitivity

Physical Factors

Click factor name to view rationale	Intolerance	Recoverability	Sensitivity	Species Richness	Evidence / Confidence
Substratum Loss	High	High	Moderate	Major decline	Moderate
Smothering	Intermediate	High	Low	Major decline	Low
Increase in suspended sediment	Low	Very high	Very low	Minor decline	Low
Decrease in suspended sediment	Low	Very high	Very low	Rise	Low
Desiccation	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	High
Increase in emergence regime	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant
Decrease in emergence regime	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant
Increase in water flow rate	High	High	Moderate	Decline	Low
Decrease in water flow rate	High	High	Moderate	Decline	Low
Increase in temperature	Tolerant	Not relevant	Not sensitive	Minor decline	Low
Decrease in temperature	Low	Very high	Very low	Minor decline	Low
Increase in turbidity	Low	Very high	Very low	Minor decline	Low
Decrease in turbidity	Intermediate	High	Low	Decline	Low
Increase in wave exposure	Intermediate	High	Low	Minor decline	Low
Decrease in wave exposure	Low	Very high	Very low	Minor decline	Low
Noise	Tolerant	Not relevant	Not sensitive	Not relevant	High
Visual Presence	Tolerant	Not relevant	Not sensitive	Not relevant	High
Abrasion & physical disturbance	Intermediate	High	Low	Decline	Moderate
Displacement	High	High	Moderate	Major decline	Moderate

Chemical Factors

Click factor name to view rationale	Intolerance	Recoverability	Sensitivity	Species Richness	Evidence / Confidence
Synthetic compound contamination	Intermediate	High	Low	Decline	Low
Heavy metal contamination	Low	Very high	Very low	Minor decline	Very low
Hydrocarbon contamination	Intermediate	High	Low	Decline	Very low
Radionuclide contamination	Insufficient information	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Insufficient Information	Not relevant
Changes in nutrient levels	Low	Very high	Very low	No change	Low
Increase in salinity	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	High
Decrease in salinity	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Moderate
Changes in oxygenation	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Moderate

Biological Factors

Click factor name to view rationale	Intolerance	Recoverability	Sensitivity	Species Richness	Evidence / Confidence
Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites	Low	Very high	Very low		Moderate
Introduction of non-native species	Insufficient information	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Insufficient Information	Not relevant
Extraction of this species	Intermediate	High	Low	Minor decline	Low
Extraction of other species	Intermediate	High	Low	Minor decline	Low

Species used to indicate biotope intolerance

Physical factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Substratum Loss	High	High	High	High	High	High	High
Smothering	Tolerant	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Intermediate	Low
Increase in suspended sediment	Tolerant*	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Low	Low	Low
Decrease in suspended sediment	Tolerant	Tolerant*			Tolerant*		Tolerant
Desiccation	Not relevant	High	High	Not relevant	Intermediate	Intermediate	Intermediate
Increase in emergence regime	Not relevant	Intermediate	High	Not relevant	Intermediate	Low	Intermediate
Decrease in emergence regime	Not relevant	Tolerant*			Tolerant*		Tolerant*
Increase in water flow rate	Tolerant	Intermediate	Intermediate	Tolerant*	Tolerant	Low	Low
Decrease in water flow rate	Intermediate	High		Intermediate	Intermediate		Low
Increase in temperature	Tolerant	Tolerant	Insufficient information	Low	Intermediate	Intermediate	Tolerant
Decrease in temperature	Tolerant	Intermediate		Low	Intermediate		Tolerant
Increase in turbidity	Tolerant	Low	Tolerant	Low	Tolerant	Low	Tolerant
Decrease in turbidity	Tolerant*	Tolerant			Tolerant		Tolerant*
Increase in wave exposure	Intermediate	Intermediate	High	Tolerant	Tolerant	Low	Intermediate
Decrease in wave exposure	Intermediate	Tolerant*		Intermediate	Intermediate		Tolerant*
Noise	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant
Visual Presence	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Tolerant	Low	Tolerant
Abrasion & physical disturbance	Intermediate	Intermediate	Intermediate	Intermediate	Intermediate	Intermediate	High
Displacement	High	High	High	High	Low	Low	High

Chemical factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Synthetic compound contamination	High	High	Insufficient information	Intermediate	Intermediate	High	Low
Heavy metal contamination	Low	Low	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	High	Insufficient information
Hydrocarbon contamination	Insufficient information	High	Insufficient information	Low	Low	High	Insufficient information
Radionuclide contamination	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information
Changes in nutrient levels	Insufficient information	Low	Insufficient information	Low	Insufficient information	Tolerant*	Insufficient information
Increase in salinity	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Intermediate	Not relevant	Intermediate	Tolerant
Decrease in salinity	High	Intermediate			Low		Intermediate
Changes in oxygenation	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	High	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low

Biological factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites	Low	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Intermediate	Tolerant
Introduction of non-native species	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Not relevant	Tolerant
Extraction of this species	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	High	Intermediate	Not relevant
Extraction of other species	High	Not relevant	Tolerant	Intermediate	Tolerant	Intermediate	Not relevant

Species used to indicate biotope recoverability

Physical factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Substratum Loss	High	High	Moderate	High	Moderate	High	Very high
Smothering	Not relevant	High	Very high	High	Very high	High	Very high
Increase in suspended sediment	Not relevant	Very high	Immediate	Very high	Very high	Very high	Immediate
Decrease in suspended sediment	Not relevant	Not relevant			Not relevant		Not relevant
Desiccation	Not relevant	High	Moderate	Not relevant	Moderate	High	Very high
Increase in emergence regime	Not relevant	Very high	Moderate	Not relevant	Moderate	Very high	Very high
Decrease in emergence regime	Not relevant	Not relevant			Not relevant		Not relevant
Increase in water flow rate	High	Very high	High	Not relevant	Not relevant	Very high	Immediate
Decrease in water flow rate	High	Very high		High	Moderate		Immediate
Increase in temperature	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	High	High	High	Not relevant
Decrease in temperature	Not relevant	Very high		High	High		Not relevant
Increase in turbidity	Not relevant	Immediate	Not relevant	Very high	Not relevant	Very high	Not relevant
Decrease in turbidity	Not relevant	Not relevant			Not relevant		Not relevant
Increase in wave exposure	High	Very high	Moderate	Not relevant	Not relevant	Very high	Very high
Decrease in wave exposure	High	Not relevant		High	High		Not relevant
Noise	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant
Visual Presence	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Immediate	Not relevant
Abrasion & physical disturbance	High	Very high	High	High	Moderate	High	Very high
Displacement	High	High	Moderate	High	Immediate	Very high	Very high

Chemical factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Synthetic compound contamination	High	High	Insufficient information	High	Moderate	High	Immediate
Heavy metal contamination	Very high	Immediate	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	High	Not relevant
Hydrocarbon contamination	Not relevant	High	Insufficient information	High	Very high	High	Not relevant
Radionuclide contamination	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Not relevant
Changes in nutrient levels	Not relevant	Immediate	Insufficient information	High	Insufficient information	Not relevant	Not relevant
Increase in salinity	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	High	Not relevant	High	Not relevant
Decrease in salinity	High	Very high			Very high		Very high
Changes in oxygenation	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	High	High	High	Immediate

Biological factors

	Flustra foliacea Important characterizing	Bugula turbinata Important characterizing	Nemertesia ramosa Important characterizing	Alcyonium digitatum Important other	Urticina felina Important other	Echinus esculentus Important functional	Molgula manhattensis Important other
Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites	Immediate	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	High	Not relevant
Introduction of non-native species	Not relevant	Not relevant	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Insufficient information	Not relevant	Not relevant
Extraction of this species	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Not relevant	Moderate	High	Not relevant
Extraction of other species	High	Not relevant	Not relevant	High	Not relevant	High	Not relevant

This review can be cited as follows:

Tyler-Walters, H. 2002. Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 20/05/2013]. Available from: <http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatsensitivity.php?habitatid=267&code=2004>

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Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata

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CR.HCR.XFa.FluCoAs