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Biodiversity & Conservation
| Basic Information | Biotope classification | Ecology | Habitat preferences and distribution | Species composition | Sensitivity | Importance |
Phragmites australis swamp and reed beds
SS.SMp.Ang.S4
Image Harvey Tyler-Walters - Edge of a Phragmites reed bed in February, Tamar Estuary. Image width ca 1 m in foreground.
Image copyright information
SS.SMp.Ang.S4 recorded (
) and expected (
) distribution in Britain and Ireland (see below)
Habitat sensitivity
Physical Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substratum Loss | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | Low |
| Smothering | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | Minor decline | Low |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | No change | Not relevant |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | No change | Not relevant |
| Desiccation | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | No change | Low |
| Increase in emergence regime | Intermediate | High | Low | Rise | Low |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Intermediate | High | Low | No change | Low |
| Increase in water flow rate | Intermediate | High | Low | Decline | Low |
| Decrease in water flow rate | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | No change | High |
| Increase in temperature | Tolerant* | Not relevant | Not sensitive* | No change | Low |
| Decrease in temperature | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
| Increase in turbidity | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | Minor decline | Not relevant |
| Decrease in turbidity | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | Rise | Not relevant |
| Increase in wave exposure | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Noise | Intermediate | Very high | Low | Minor decline | Very low |
| Visual Presence | Intermediate | Very high | Low | Minor decline | Very low |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Intermediate | High | Low | Decline | Low |
| Displacement | High | Moderate | Moderate | Major decline | Low |
Chemical Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic compound contamination | Intermediate | High | Low | Major decline | Low |
| Heavy metal contamination | Intermediate | High | Low | Decline | Low |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | Intermediate | High | Low | Major decline | Moderate |
| Radionuclide contamination | Insufficient information | Not relevant | Insufficient information | Insufficient Information | Not relevant |
| Changes in nutrient levels | Tolerant* | Not relevant | Not sensitive* | Rise | Low |
| Increase in salinity | Intermediate | High | Low | Minor decline | Low |
| Decrease in salinity | Tolerant* | Not relevant | Not sensitive* | Rise | Low |
| Changes in oxygenation | Low | Immediate | Not sensitive | No change | Low |
Biological Factors
| Click factor name to view rationale | Intolerance | Recoverability | Sensitivity | Species Richness | Evidence / Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | Intermediate | High | Low | Low | |
| Introduction of non-native species | Insufficient information | Not relevant | Insufficient information | Insufficient Information | Not relevant |
| Extraction of this species | Tolerant | Not relevant | Not sensitive | No change | Not relevant |
| Extraction of other species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
Species used to indicate biotope intolerance
Physical factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other | |
| Substratum Loss | High | Intermediate | High | Tolerant |
| Smothering | Intermediate | Intermediate | Low | Tolerant |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Tolerant | Tolerant | Low | Tolerant* |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Tolerant | Low | ||
| Desiccation | Low | Low | Intermediate | Not relevant |
| Increase in emergence regime | Low | Low | Intermediate | Not relevant |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Low | Not relevant | ||
| Increase in water flow rate | Intermediate | High | Intermediate | Intermediate |
| Decrease in water flow rate | Tolerant | Tolerant* | ||
| Increase in temperature | Intermediate | Low | Low | Intermediate |
| Decrease in temperature | Intermediate | Intermediate | ||
| Increase in turbidity | Tolerant | Low | Intermediate | Tolerant* |
| Decrease in turbidity | Tolerant | Low | ||
| Increase in wave exposure | High | High | High | High |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Tolerant | Not relevant | ||
| Noise | Tolerant | Tolerant | Insufficient information | Tolerant |
| Visual Presence | Tolerant | Tolerant | Insufficient information | Tolerant |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Low | Tolerant | Intermediate | Not relevant |
| Displacement | Tolerant | Not relevant | High | Not relevant |
Chemical factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other |
|
| Synthetic compound contamination | Low | Low | High | Intermediate |
| Heavy metal contamination | Insufficient information | Low | Insufficient information | Intermediate |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | Intermediate | High | High | Intermediate |
| Radionuclide contamination | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
| Changes in nutrient levels | Low | Tolerant* | Insufficient information | Tolerant* |
| Increase in salinity | Tolerant | Low | Low | High |
| Decrease in salinity | Low | Tolerant | ||
| Changes in oxygenation | Intermediate | Low | Insufficient information | Not relevant |
Biological factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other |
|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | High | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
| Introduction of non-native species | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
| Extraction of this species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Insufficient information | Not relevant |
| Extraction of other species | Tolerant | Insufficient information | Insufficient information | Insufficient information |
Species used to indicate biotope recoverability
Physical factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other | |
| Substratum Loss | High | Very high | Low | Not relevant |
| Smothering | Very high | Very high | High | Not relevant |
| Increase in suspended sediment | Not relevant | Not relevant | High | Not relevant |
| Decrease in suspended sediment | Not relevant | Immediate | ||
| Desiccation | Immediate | Immediate | Moderate | Not relevant |
| Increase in emergence regime | Immediate | Immediate | Moderate | Not relevant |
| Decrease in emergence regime | Very high | Not relevant | ||
| Increase in water flow rate | Very high | Very high | Moderate | Very high |
| Decrease in water flow rate | Not relevant | Not relevant | ||
| Increase in temperature | Immediate | Immediate | Moderate | Very high |
| Decrease in temperature | Very high | Very high | ||
| Increase in turbidity | Not relevant | Very high | Low | Not relevant |
| Decrease in turbidity | Not relevant | Very high | ||
| Increase in wave exposure | High | High | Low | Very high |
| Decrease in wave exposure | Not relevant | Not relevant | ||
| Noise | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Visual Presence | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Abrasion & physical disturbance | Very high | Not relevant | Moderate | Not relevant |
| Displacement | Not relevant | Not relevant | Low | Not relevant |
Chemical factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other |
|
| Synthetic compound contamination | Immediate | Very high | Low | Very high |
| Heavy metal contamination | Insufficient information | Very high | Not relevant | Very high |
| Hydrocarbon contamination | Very high | High | Low | Very high |
| Radionuclide contamination | Insufficient information | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Changes in nutrient levels | Immediate | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Increase in salinity | Not relevant | Immediate | Moderate | Very high |
| Decrease in salinity | Immediate | Not relevant | ||
| Changes in oxygenation | Very high | Immediate | Insufficient information | Not relevant |
Biological factors
| Hydrobia ulvae Important functional | Gammarus salinus Important functional | Gammarus insensibilis Important functional | Neomysis integer Important other |
|
| Introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites | High | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Introduction of non-native species | Insufficient information | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Extraction of this species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
| Extraction of other species | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant | Not relevant |
This review can be cited as follows:
Tyler-Walters, H. 2002. Phragmites australis swamp and reed beds. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 20/05/2013]. Available from: <http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatsensitivity.php?habitatid=304&code=2004>
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