BIOTIC Species Information for Polinices spp.
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| Researched by | Morvan Barnes | Data supplied by | MarLIN | ||||||||||||
| Refereed by | This information is not refereed | ||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||
| Scientific name | Polinices spp. | Common name | A neckless shell | ||||||||||||
| MCS Code | W488 | Recent Synonyms | |||||||||||||
| Phylum | Mollusca | Subphylum | |||||||||||||
| Superclass | Class | Gastropoda | |||||||||||||
| Subclass | Prosobranchia | Order | Mesogastropoda | ||||||||||||
| Suborder | Family | Naticidae | |||||||||||||
| Genus | Polinices | Species | |||||||||||||
| Subspecies | |||||||||||||||
| Additional Information | |||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy References | Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, Howson & Picton, 1997, | ||||||||||||||
| General Biology | |||||||||||||||
| Growth form | Turbinate |
Feeding method | Predator |
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| Mobility/Movement | Burrower Crawler |
Environmental position | Epifaunal Epibenthic |
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| Typical food types | Predominantly bivalves | Habit | Free living | ||||||||||||
| Bioturbator | Not relevant | Flexibility | None (< 10 degrees) | ||||||||||||
| Fragility | Robust | Size | Small(1-2cm) | ||||||||||||
| Height | Not researched | Growth Rate | Not Researched | ||||||||||||
| Adult dispersal potential | Not researched | Dependency | Independent | ||||||||||||
| Sociability | Solitary | ||||||||||||||
| Toxic/Poisonous? | No | ||||||||||||||
| General Biology Additional Information | |||||||||||||||
| Biology References | Edwards & Huebner, 1977, Kingsley-Smith et al., 2003, Ansell, 1982, Copeland, 1922, Graham, 1988, Christensen, 1980, Seaward, 1982, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, | ||||||||||||||
| Distribution and Habitat | |||||||||||||||
| Distribution in Britain & Ireland | Found on all British and Irish coasts. | ||||||||||||||
| Global distribution | Found throughout the world's oceans including north-west Europe much of Asia, north-east Australia, southern Africa, Brazil and the American north Atlantic. | ||||||||||||||
| Biogeographic range | Temperate to warm temperate, occasionally tropical. | Depth range | From 10 m to 200 m depth. | ||||||||||||
| Migratory | Non-migratory / Resident | ||||||||||||||
| Distribution Additional Information | |||||||||||||||
| Substratum preferences | Gravel / shingle Coarse clean sand Fine clean sand Muddy sand Muddy sandy gravel Gravelley sand |
Physiographic preferences | Open coast Offshore seabed |
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| Biological zone | Sublittoral Fringe Upper Infralittoral Lower Infralittoral Upper Circalittoral Lower Circalittoral Circalittoral Offshore |
Wave exposure | Field unresearched |
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| Tidal stream strength/Water flow | Field unresearched |
Salinity | Full (30-40 psu) |
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| Habitat Preferences Additional Information | |||||||||||||||
| Distribution References | Christensen, 1980, Seaward, 1982, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, | ||||||||||||||
| Reproduction/Life History | |||||||||||||||
| Reproductive type | Gonochoristic |
Developmental mechanism | Planktotrophic Oviparous Planktotrophic |
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| Reproductive Season | See additional information | Reproductive Location | As adult | ||||||||||||
| Reproductive frequency | Annual protracted | Regeneration potential | No | ||||||||||||
| Life span | 3-5 years | Age at reproductive maturity | 1-2 years | ||||||||||||
| Generation time | 1-2 years | Fecundity | See additional information | ||||||||||||
| Egg/propagule size | Egg collar weight variable | Fertilization type | Internal | ||||||||||||
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| Reproduction Preferences Additional Information | Reproductive maturity is related to size-8-10mm. Fecundity is also variable, and strongly correlated to age and size of female. Larval duration is around 45 days, but this is dependant on sediment triggered metamorphosis. Reproduction is throughout the year, with access to males and sufficient food, with peaks in July and August. Developmental mechanism is primarily planktotrophic although some species are thought to have direct development. | ||||||||||||||
| Reproduction References | Kingsley-Smith et al., 2005, Kingsley-Smith et al., 2003, Ansell, 1982, Graham, 1988, Seaward, 1982, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, | ||||||||||||||
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