The Marine Life Information Network

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Wagler, H., Berghahn, R. & Vorberg, R., 2009. The fishery for whiteweed, Sertularia cupressina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), in the Wadden Sea, Germany: history and anthropogenic effects. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66 (10), 2116-2120.

Wagner, D., Waller, R.G. & Toonen, R.J., 2011. Sexual reproduction of Hawaiian black corals, with a review of the reproduction of antipatharians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): Reproduction of Hawaiian black corals. Invertebrate Biology, 130 (3), 211-225. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00233.x

Wagner, D., Waller, R.G., Montgomery, A.D., Kelley, C.D. & Toonen, R.J., 2012. Sexual reproduction of the Hawaiian black coral Antipathes griggi (Cnidaria: Antipatharia). Coral Reefs, 31 (3), 795-806. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0882-3

Wahl, M., 1984. The fluffy sea anemone Metridium senile in periodically oxygen depleted surroundings. Marine Biology, 81, 81-86.

Wahl, M., 1985. The recolonization potential of Metridium senile in an area previously depopulated by oxygen deficiency. Oecologia, 67, 255-259.

Wahl, M., Goecke, F.R., Labes, A., Dobretsov, S. & Weinberger, F., 2012. The second skin: ecological role of epibiotic biofilms on marine organisms. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3, 292.

Wahl, M., Jormalainen, V., Eriksson, B.K., Coyer, J.A., Molis, M., Schubert, H., Dethier, M., Karez, R., Kruse, I., Lenz, M., Pearson, G., Rohde, S., Wikström, S.A. & Olsen, J.L., 2011. Chapter Two - Stress Ecology in Fucus: Abiotic, Biotic and Genetic Interactions. In Lesser, M. (ed.) Advances in Marine Biology. 59, 37-105.

Wahl, M., Shahnaz, L., Dobretsov, S., Saha, M., Symanowski, F., David, K., Lachnit, T., Vasel, M. & Weinberger, F., 2010. Ecology of antifouling resistance in the bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus: patterns of microfouling and antimicrobial protection. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 411, 33-48.

Wahsha, M., Al-Absi, E., Bini, C., Yassen, A. B., Al-Zyoud, W. & Al-Jawasreh, R., 2016. Effects of toxic elements on leaf morphology of Halophila stipulacea grown in mine dump sediments In Southeast Jordan. Eqa-International Journal of Environmental Quality, 21, 33-40. DOI https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/6602

Wainright, S.C., Weinstein, M.P., Able, K.W. & Currin, C.A., 2000. Relative importance of benthic microalgae, phytoplankton and the detritus of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora and the common reed Phragmites australis to brackish-marsh food webs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 200, 77-91.

Waldbusser, G.G., Hales, B., Langdon, C.J., Haley, B.A., Schrader, P., Brunner, E.L., Gray, M.W., Miller, C.A. & Gimenez, I., 2015. Saturation-state sensitivity of marine bivalve larvae to ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change, 5 (3), 273-280. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2479

Waldock, M.J. & Miller, D., 1983. The determination of total and tributyl tin in seawater and oysters in areas of high pleasure craft activity. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, CM Papers and Reports, CM 1983/E:12, 16pp.

Waldock, M.J. & Thain, J.E., 1983. Shell thickening in Crassostrea gigas: organotin antifouling or sediment induced? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 14, 411-415.

Waldock, R., Rees, H.L., Matthiessen, P. & Pendle, M.A., 1999. Surveys of the benthic infauna of the Crouch Estuary (UK) in relation to TBT contamination. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 225 - 232.

Walker, A.J.M. & Rees, E.I.S., 1980. Benthic ecology of Dublin Bay in relation to sludge dumping. Irish Fisheries Investigations, Series B (Marine), 22, 1-59. Available from http://oar.marine.ie/handle/10793/146

Walker, D., Lukatelich, R., Bastyan, G. & McComb, A., 1989. Effect of boat moorings on seagrass beds near Perth, Western Australia. Aquatic Botany, 36 (1), 69-77.

Walker, F. T., 1953. Distribution of Laminariaceae around Scotland. Journal du Conseil, 20 (2), 160-166.

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Walker, P., Howlett, G., & Millner, R., 1997. Distribution, movement and stock structure of three ray species in the North Sea and eastern English Channel.

Walker, P.A. & Hislop, J.R.G., 1998. Sensitive skates or resilient rays? Spatial and temporal shifts in ray species composition in the central north-western North Sea between 1930 and the present day. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 55, 392-402.

Wall, C.C., Peterson, B.J. & Gobler, C.J., 2008. Facilitation of seagrass Zostera marina productivity by suspension-feeding bivalves. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 357, 165-174.

Wall, M., Ragazzola, F., Foster, L.C., Form, A. & Schmidt, D.N., 2015. pH up-regulation as a potential mechanism for the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to sustain growth in aragonite undersaturated conditions. Biogeosciences, 12 (23), 6869-6880. DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6869-201

Wallace, B. & Wallace, I.D., 1983. The white piddock Barnea candida (L.) found alive on Merseyside. The Conchologists Newsletter, 84, 71-72.

Wallentinus, I., 1978. Productivity studies on Baltic macroalgae. Botanica Marina, 21, 365-380.

Waller, G. (ed), 1996. Sealife. A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Sussex: Pica Press

Waller, R. G., Scanlon, K. M. & Robinson, L. F., 2011. Cold-Water Coral Distributions in the Drake Passage Area from Towed Camera Observations – Initial Interpretations. PLOS ONE, 6 (1), e16153. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016153

Waller, R.G. & Tyler, P.A., 2005. The reproductive biology of two deep-water, reef-building scleractinians from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Coral Reefs, 24 (3), 514. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-005-0501-7

Waller, R.G., 2005. Deep-water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): current knowledge of reproductive processes. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: Springer, pp. 691-700.

Waller, Rhian G., Tyler, Paul A. & Gage, John D., 2005. Sexual reproduction in three hermaphroditic deep-sea Caryophyllia species (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Coral Reefs, 24 (4), 594. DOI http://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-005-0031-3

Waller, T.R., 1981. Functional morphology and development of veliger larvae of the European oyster, Ostrea edulis, Linnaeus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 328, 70.

Waller, U. & Rosenthal, H., 1995. The migratory behaviour of yolk-sack larvae of cod, Gadus morhua. ICES Council Meeting Papers, C.M.1995/L:14, 4p.

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Walne, P., 1964. Observations on the fertility of the oyster (Ostrea edulis). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 44 (02), 293-310.

Walne, P.R., 1979. Culture of Bivalve Molluscs: 50 years experience at Conwy. London and Tonbridge: Whitefriars Press.

Walsh, G.E., Louie, M.K., McLaughlin, L.L. & Lores, E.M., 1986b. Lugworm (Arenicola cristata) larvae in toxicity tests: survival and development when exposed to organotins. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 5 (8), 749-754. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050805

Walsh, G.E., McLaughlin, L.L., Louie, M.K., Deans, C.H. & Lores, E.M., 1986. Inhibition of arm regeneration by Ophioderma brevispina (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) by tributyltin oxide and triphenyltin oxide. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 12, 95-100.

Walsh, P. & Somero, G., 1981. Temperature adaptation in sea anemones: physiological and biochemical variability in geographically separate populations of Metridium senile. Marine Biology, 62 (1), 25-34.

Walter, U. & Becker, P.H., 1997. Occurrence and consumption of seabirds scavenging on shrimp trawler discards in the Wadden Sea. Seabirds in the Marine Environment. Proceedings of an ICES International Symposium held in Glasgow, Scotland, 22-24 November 1996, 54, 684-694.

Walters, C., 1997. Challenges in adaptive management of riparian and coastal ecosystems. Conservation ecology, 1 (2), 1.

Walton, W.C., MacKinnon, C., Rodriguez, L.F., Proctor, C. & Ruiz, G.M., 2002. Effect of an invasive crab upon a marine fishery: green crab, Carcinus maenas, predation upon a venerid clam, Katelysia scalarina, in Tasmania (Australia). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 272, 171-189.

Wang, C. B., Li, Q., Xu, C. X. & Yu, R. H., 2017. Seasonal changes of reproductive activity and biochemical composition of pen shell Atrina pectinata Linnaeus, 1767 in Bohai Sea, China. Journal of Ocean University of China, 16 (3), 479-489. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-017-3212-0

Wang, G., Shuai, L., Li, Y., Lin, W., Zhao, X. & Duan, D., 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of epiphytic marine bacteria on Hole-Rotten diseased sporophytes of Laminaria japonica. Journal of applied phycology, 20 (4), 403-409.

Wang, H.H., Ho, K.T., Scheckel, K.G., Wu, F.C., Cantwell, M.G., Katz, D.R., Horowitz, D.B., Boothman, W.S. & Burgess, R.M., 2014. Toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of silver nanoparticles in marine organisms. Environmental Science & Technology, 48 (23), 13711-13717. DOI https://doi.org/10.1021/es502976y

Wang, H.M.D., Chen, C.C., Huynh, P. & Chang, J.S., 2015. Exploring the potential of using algae in cosmetics. Bioresource Technology, 184, 355-362.

Wang, M., Wang, Y., Guo, X., Sha, J., Zhang, H., Tang, X. & Zhou, B., 2016. Reproductive properties of Zostera marina and effects of sediment type and burial depth on seed germination and seedling establishment. Aquatic Botany, 134, 68-74. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.07.003

Wang, M., Zhang, H. X. & Tang, X. X., 2019. Growth characteristics of a restored Zostera marina population in the Shandong Peninsula, China: A case study. Journal of Sea Research, 144, 122-132. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2018.11.001

Wang, W. & Widdows, J., 1991. Physiological responses of mussel larvae Mytilus edulis to environmental hypoxia and anoxia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 70, 223-36

Wang, Wen-Xiong, Stupakoff, I. & Fisher, N.S., 1999. Bioavailability of dissolved and sediment-bound metals to a deposit-feeding polychaete. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 178, 281-293.

Wang, X., Broch, O.J., Forbord, S., Handa, A., Skjermo, J., Reitan, K.I., Vadstein, O. & Olsen, Y., 2014. Assimilation of inorganic nutrients from salmon (Salmo salar) farming by the macroalgae (Saccharina latissima) in an exposed coastal environment: implications for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26 (4), 1869-1878.

Wang Y., Sheng, H.F., He, Y., Wu, J.Y., Jiang, Y.X., Tam, N.F. & Zhou, H.W., 2012. Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater, intertidal wetland, and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 78 (23), 8264-71.  

Wänke, A., 2018. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and urate: Hemocyanin modulators of the European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas). Characterisation of their binding to hemocyanin and their effects on hemocyanin's oxygen binding. Ph.D Thesis, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf. Available from:https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=10314

Wanson, S., Pequeux, A. & Giles, R., 1983. Osmoregulation in the stone crab Cancer pagurus. Marine Biology Letters, 4, 321-330.

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Warburton, K., 1976. Shell form, behaviour and tolerance to water movement in the limpet Patina pellucida (L.) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 23, 307-325

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Ward, T. J., 1987. Temporal variation of metals in the seagrass Posidonia australis and its potential as a sentinel accumulator near a lead smelter​​​​​​. Marine Biology, 95 (2), 315-321. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00409019

Ward, T.J. & Hutchings, P.A., 1996. Effects of trace metals on infaunal species composition in polluted intertidal and subtidal marine sediments near a lead smelter, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 135, 123-135.

Ward, T.J. & Young, P.C., 1982. Effects of sediment trace metals and particle size on the community structure of epibenthic seagrass fauna near a lead smelter, South Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 9, 136-146.

Ward, T.J., & Young, P.C., 1983. The depauperation of epifauna on Pinna bicolor near of lead smelter, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, 30 (4), 293-308. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(83)90056-9

Ward-Paige, C.A., Risk, M.J., Sherwood, O.A. & Jaap, W.C., 2005. Clionid sponge surveys on the Florida Reef Tract suggest land-based nutrient inputs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (5), 570-579.

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Wareham, V.E. & Edinger, E.N., 2007. Distribution of deep-sea corals in the Newfoundland and Labrador region, Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 81 (3), 289-313.

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Waring, C.P., Stagg, R.M., Fretwell, K., MsKlay, H.A. & Costello, M.J., 1996. The impact of sewage sludge exposure on the reproduction of the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus. Environmental Pollution, 93, 1, 17-25.

Warnau, M. & Pagano, G., 1994. Developmental toxicity of PbCl₂ in the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53, 434-441.

Warnau, M., Fowler, S.W. & Teyssié, J-L., 1999. Biokinetics of Radiocobalt in the Asteroid Asterias rubens (Echinodermata): Sea Water and Food Exposures. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39 (1), 159-164. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00179-9

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Warner, G.F., 1971. On the ecology of a dense bed of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51, 267-282.

Warner, G.F., 1985. Dynamic stability in two contrasting epibenthic communities. In Proceedings of the 19th European Marine Biology Symposium, Plymouth, Devon, UK, 16-21 September, 1984 (ed. P.E. Gibbs), pp. 401-410.

Warren, L.M., 1976. A population study of the polychaete Capitella capitata at Plymouth. Marine Biology, 38, 209-216.

Warren, L.M., 1977. The ecology of Capitella capitata in British waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 57, 151-159.

Warren, L.M., 1979. Mediomastus fragilis Rasmussen (Polychaeta: Capitellidae), a species newly recorded from British waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 757-760.

Warren, R.S., Fel, P.A., Grimsby, J.L., Buck, E.L., Rilling, G.C. & Fertik, R.A., 2001. Rates, patterns, and impacts of Phragmites australis expansion and effects of experimental Phragmites control on vegetation, macroinvertebrates, and fish with tidelands of the lower Connecticut river. Estuaries, 24, 90-107.

Warwick, R. M. & Pearce, B., 2020. Irregular recruitment of the echinoid Echinocyamus pusillus and its implications for biological traits analysis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 100 (7), 1123-1127. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000934

Warwick, R.M., 1986. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Marine Biology, 92 (4), 557-562.

Warwick, R.M. & Davis, J.R., 1977. The distribution of sublittoral macrofauna communities in the Bristol Channel in relation to the substrate. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 5, 267-288.

Warwick, R.M. & George, C.L., 1980. Annual macro-fauna production in an Abra community. In Industrialised embayments and their environmental problems: a case study of Swansea Bay (ed. M.B. Collins et al.), pp. 517-538. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

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Warwick, R.M. & Somerfield, P.J., 2010. The structure and functioning of the benthic macrofauna of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary, with predicted effects of a tidal barrage. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 61 (1), 92-99. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.12.016

Warwick, R.M. & Uncles, R.J., 1980. Distribution of benthic macrofauna associations in the Bristol Channel in relation to tidal stress. Marine Biology Progress Series, 3, 97-103.

Warwick, R.M., 1984. The benthic ecology of the Bristol Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 15 (2), 70-76.

Warwick, R.M., Collins, N.R., Gee, J.M. Geaorge, C.L. 1986. Species size distributions of benthic and pelagic Metazoa: evidence for interaction? Marine Ecology Progress Series 34, 63-68

Warwick, R.M., George, C.L. & Davies, J.R., 1978. Annual macrofauna production in a Venus community. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 7, 215-241.

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Warwick, R.M., McEvoy, A.J., Thrush, S.,F., 1997. The influence of Atrina zealandica (Gray) on meiobenthic nematode diversity and community structure. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 214, 235-247

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Wilding, C.M., Latchford, J.W. & Beaumont, A.R., 1998. An investigation of possible stock structure in Pecten maximus (L.) using multivariate morphometrics, allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Journal of Shellfish Research, 17, 131-139.

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Wildish, D. & Miyares, M., 1990. Filtration rate of blue mussels as a function of flow velocity: preliminary experiments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 142 (3), 213-219.

Wildish, D. & Peer, D., 1983. Tidal current speed and production of benthic macrofauna in the lower Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40 (S1), s309-s321.

Wildish, D., Kristmanson, D., Hoar, R., DeCoste, A., McCormick, S. & White, A., 1987. Giant scallop feeding and growth responses to flow. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 113 (3), 207-220.

Wildish, D.J. & Fader, G.B.J., 1998. Pelagic-benthic coupling in the Bay of Fundy. Hydrobiologia, 375/376, 369-380.

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Wildish, D.J. & Kristmanson, D.D., 1985. Control of suspension feeding bivalve production by current speed. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 39, 237-243.

Wildish, D.J. & Thomas, M.L.H., 1985. Effects of dredging and dumping on benthos of Saint John Harbour, Canada. Marine Environmental Research, 15, 45-57.

Wildish, D.J., Akage, H.M. & Hamilton, N., 2000. Effects of velocity on horse mussel initial feeding behaviour. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, no. 2325, 34pp.

Wildish, D.J., Fader, G.B.J., Lawton, P. & MacDonald, A.J., 1998. The acoustic detection and characteristics of sublittoral bivalve reefs in the Bay of Fundy. Continental Shelf Research, 18, 105-113.

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Wilkie, I.C 1990. First record of the spoon-worm Thalassema thalassemum (Pallas), Echiura, in Scottish waters. Glasgow Naturalist, 21, 515-517,

Wilkie, I.C., 1978. Arm autonomy in brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of Zoology, 186, 311-330.

Wilkinson, Adam D., Collier, Catherine J., Flores, Florita & Negri, Andrew P., 2015. Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass. Scientific Reports, 5 (1), 17443. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17443

Wilkinson, M., 1995. Information review on the impact of kelp harvesting. Scottish Natural Heritage Review, no. 34, 54 pp.

Willems, K.A., Vanosmael, C., Claeys, D., Vincx, M. & Heip, C., 1982. Benthos of a sublittoral sandbank in the southern bight of the North Sea: general considerations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62, 549-557.

Willems, W., Goethals, P., Van den Eynde, D., Van Hoey, G., Van Lancker, V., Verfaillie, E., Vincx, M. & Degraer, S., 2008. Where is the worm? Predictive modelling of the habitat preferences of the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. Ecological Modelling, 212 (1–2), 74-79.

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Williams, B., Risk, M. J., Ross, S. W. & Sulak, K. J., 2007. Stable isotope data from deep-water antipatharians: 400-year records from the southeastern coast of the United States of America. Bulletin of Marine Science, 81 (3), 437-447.

Williams, B., Risk, M.J., Ross, S.W. & Sulak, K.J., 2006. Deep-water antipatharians: Proxies of environmental change. Geology, 34 (9), 773-776. DOI https://10.1130/G22685.1

Williams, D.D., 1979b. Archigetes iowensis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidae) from Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Annelida: Tubificidae) in Wisconsin. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 46, 272-274.

Williams, E.E., 1965. The growth and distribution of Monodonta lineata (da Coasta) on a rocky shore in Wales. Field Studies, 2, 189-198.

Williams, G.A. & Seed, R., 1992. Interactions between macrofaunal epiphytes and their host algae. In Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos (ed. D.M John, S.J. Hawkins & J.H. Price), pp. 189-211. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Systematics Association Special Volume, no. 46.]

Williams, G.A., 1996. Seasonal variation in a low shore Fucus serratus (Fucales, Phaeophyta) population and its epiphytic fauna. Hydrobiologia, 326/327, 191-197.

Williams, G.C., 2011. The global diversity of sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea). PLoS ONE, 6 (7). DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022747

Williams, G.C. & Alderslade, P., 2011. Three new species of pennatulacean octocorals with the ability to attach to rocky substrata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea). Zootaxa, 3001 (1), 33. DOI https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3001.1.2

Williams, J.A., 1995. Burrow-zone distribution of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator on Derbyhaven Beach, Isle of Man: a possible mechanism for regulating desiccation stress? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15: 466-475.

Williams, J.A., 1979. A semi-lunar rhythm of locomotor activity and moult synchrony in the sand-beach amphipod Talitrus saltator. In Cyclic phenomena in marine plants and animals (ed. E. Naylor & Hartnoll, R.). London: Pergamon Press.

Williams, J.A., 1978. The annual pattern of reproduction of Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitidae). Journal of Zoology, 184, 231-244.

Williams, J.A., 1983. The endogenous locomotor activity rhythm of four supralittoral peracarid crustaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63, 481-492.

Williams, J.A., 1983b. Environmental regulation of the burrow depth distribution of the sand-beach amphipod Talitrus saltator. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 16, 291-298.

Williams, J.A., 1980. The light response rhythm and seasonal entrainment of the endogenous circadian locomotor of Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60, 773-785.

Williams, J.A., 1985. The role of photoperiod in the initiation of breeding and brood development in the amphipod Talitrus saltator Montagu. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 86, 59-72.

Williams, J.A., 1976. The effect of light on the locomotor activity and general biology of Talitrus saltator (Montagu). , Ph.D. thesis, Liverpool University, 258 pp.

Williams, J.A., 1996b. Burrow-zone distribution of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator on Derbyhaven Beach, Isle of Man - a possible mechanism for regulating desiccation stress? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15, 466-475.

Williams, J.L., 1898. Reproduction in Dictyota dichotoma. Annals of botany, 4, 559-560.

Williams, R., 1997. Actinothoe sphyrodeta (Cnidaria, Actiniaria): the first records from Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 77 (1), 245-248.

Williams, R.B., 1975. Catch-tentacles in sea anemones: occurrence in Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) and a review of current knowledge. Journal of Natural History, 9, 241-248.

Williams, R.B., 1991. Nematostella vectensis. In British Red Data Books. III. Invertebrates other than insects (ed. J.H. Bratton), pp. 32-33. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Williams, R.B., 1976. Conservation of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in Norfolk, England, and its worldwide distribution. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists Society, 23, 257-266.

Williams, R.B., 1983. Nematostella vectensis. In The IUCN invertebrate red data book (ed. S.M. Wells, R.M. Pyle and N.M. Collins), pp. 43-46. Gland: IUCN.

Williams, R.B., 2000. A redescription of the zoanthid Isozoanthus sulcatus (Gosse, 1859), with notes on its nomenclature, systematics, behaviour, habitat and geographical distribution. Ophelia, 52, 193-206.

Williams, R.J., 1970. Freezing tolerance in Mytilus edulis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 35, 145-161

Williams, S.L., 1988. Disturbance and recovery of a deep-water Caribbean seagrass bed. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 42 (1), 63-71.

Williams, S.L., 2001. Reduced genetic diversity in eelgrass transplantations affects both population growth and individual fitness. Ecological Applications, 11 (5), 1472-1488.

Williams, S.L., 2007. Introduced species in seagrass ecosystems: status and concerns. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 350 (1), 89-110.

Williams, S.L. & Davis, C.A., 1996. Population genetic analyses of transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds reveal reduced genetic diversity in southern California. Restoration Ecology, 4 (2), 163-180.

Williams, T.M & Unz, R.F., 1989. The nutrition of Thiothrix, Type 021N, Beggiatoa and Leucothrix strains. Water Research, 23, 15-22.

Williams, T. P., Bubb, J. M. & Lester, J. N., 1994. Metal accumulation within salt-marsh environments - a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28 (5), 277-290. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(94)90152-x

Williamson, D.I., 1951. Studies in the biology of Talitridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda): effects of atmospheric humidity. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 30, 73-90.

Williamson, D.I., 1951b. Studies in the biology of Talitidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda): visual orientation in Talitrus saltator. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 30, 91-100.

Williamson, J.A., Fenner, P.J., Burnett, J.W. & Rifkin, J.F., 1996. Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.

Williamson, P. & Kendall, M.A., 1981. Population age structure and growth of the trochid Monodonta lineata determined from shell rings. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 1011-1026.

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Wilson S., Blake C., Berges J.A. & Maggs C.A., 2004. Environmental tolerances of free-living coralline algae (maerl): implications for European marine conservation. Biological Conservation, 120(2), 279-289. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.03.001

Wilson, C.M., Crothers, J.H. & Oldham, J.H., 1983. Realized niche: the effects of a small stream on sea-shore distribution patterns. Journal of Biological Education, 17, 51-58.

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Wilson D.P. 1970. The larvae of Sabellaria spinulosa and their settlement behaviour. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 50: 33-52

Wilson, D.P., 1936. Notes on the early stages of two polychaetes, Nephtys hombergii Lamarck and Pectinaria koreni Malmgren. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 21, 305-310.

Wilson, D.P., 1929. The larvae of the British sabellarians. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16, 221-269.

Wilson, D.P., 1969. The honey comb worm. Sea Frontiers, 15, 322-29.

Wilson, D.P., 1971. Sabellaria colonies at Duckpool, North Cornwall 1961 - 1970 Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 509-580.

Wilson, D.P., 1968. Some aspects of the development of the eggs and larvae of Sabellaria alveolata (L.). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 48, 367-86.

Wilson, D.P., 1970a. Additional observations on larval growth and settlement of Sabellaria alveolata. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 1-32.

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Wilson, D.P., 1951. A biological difference between natural sea waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 30, 1-19.

Wilson, D.P., 1932. On mitraria larva of Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 221, 231-334.

Wilson, D.P., 1947. The Portuguese man-o-war, Physalia physalis L. in British and adjacent seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 27, 139-172.

Wilson, D.P., 1959. The polychaete Magelona filiformis sp.nov. and notes on other species of Magelona. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 38(3), 547-556.

Wilson, D.P., 1982. The larval development of three species of Magelona (Polychaeta) from localities near Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 62 (2), 385-401. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400057350

Wilson, H.V., 1935. Some critical points in the metamorphosis of the halichondrine sponge larva. Journal of Morphology, 58, 285-354.

Wilson, J., 1984. Assessment of the effect of short term salinity changes on the acute oxygen consumption of Cerastoderma balthica and Tellina tenuis from Dublin Bay. Journal of Life Sciences Royal Dublin Society, 5 (1), 57-63.

Wilson, J.B., 1979a. The distribution of the coral Lophelia pertusa (L.) [L. prolifera (Pallas)] in the North-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 149-164.

Wilson, J.B., 1979b. 'Patch' development of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa (L.) on Rockall Bank. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 165-177.

Wilson, J.B., 1976. Attachment of the coral Caryophyllia smithii S. & B. to tubes of the polychaete Ditrupa arietina (Müller) and other substrates. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56, 291-303.

Wilson, J.B., 1975. The distribution of the coral Caryophyllia smithii S. & B. on the Scottish continental shelf. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, 611-625.

Wilson, J.G. & Davis, J.P., 1984. The effect of environmental variables on the oxygen consumption of the protobranch bivalve Nucula turgida (Leckenby & Marshall). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 50, 73-77.

Wilson, J.G. & Elkaim, B., 1997. Seasonal and geographical differences in oxygen consumption with temperature of Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret) and a comparison with C. edule (L.). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 45 (5), 571-577.

Wilson, J.G. & Elkain, B., 1991. Tolerances to high temperature of individual bivalves and the effect of geographic distribution, position on the shore and season. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 169-177.

Wilson, J.G., 1993. Climate change and the future for the cockle Cerastoderma edule in Dublin Bay - an exercise in prediction modelling. In Biogeography of Ireland: past, present, and future, (ed. M.J. Costello & K.S. Kelly), pp. 140-149. Occasional publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society, no. 2. Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society Ltd.

Wilson, J.G., 1981. Temperature tolerance of circatidal bivalves in relation to their distribution. Journal of Thermal Biology, 6, 279-286.

Wilson, J.G., 1983. The uptake and accumulation of Ni by Cerastoderma edule and its effect on mortality, body condition and respiration rate. Marine Environmental Research, 8, 129-148.

Wilson, J.G., 1978. Upper temperature tolerances of Tellina tenuis and T. fabula. Marine Biology, 45, 123-128.

Wilson, J.G., 1992. Age specific energetics of reproduction in Nucula turgida (Leckenby & Marshall) a bivalve with lecithotrophic larval development. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 22, 275-280.

Wilson, J.H. & Simons, J., 1985. Gametogenesis and breeding of Ostrea edulis on the west coast of Ireland. Aquaculture, 46, 307-321

Wilson, K.G. & Ralph, P.J., 2008. A comparison of the effects of Tapis crude oil and dispersed crude oil on subtidal Zostera capricorni. International Oil Spill Conference, pp. 859–864.

Wilson, K.G. & Ralph, P.J., 2012. Laboratory testing protocol for the impact of dispersed petrochemicals on seagrass. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64 (11), 2421-2427. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.004https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.004

Wilson, K.L., Kay, L.M., Schmidt, A.L. & Lotze, H.K., 2015. Effects of increasing water temperatures on survival and growth of ecologically and economically important seaweeds in Atlantic Canada: implications for climate change. 162 (12), 2431-2444. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2769-7

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Wilson, S.G., 2004. Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) schooling in the southern Gulf of Maine. Fisheries Oceanography, 13 (4), 283-286.

Wilson, W.H. & Parker, K., 1996. The life history of the amphipod, Corophium volutator: the effects of temperature and shorebird predation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 196, 239-250.

Wilson, W.H., 1991. Competition and predation in marine soft sediment communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 21, 221-241.

Wilson, W.H., 1991. Sexual reproductive modes in Polychaetes: Classification and diversity. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48 (2), 500-516

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Witman, J.D., 1984. Ecology of rocky subtidal communities: the role of Modiolus modiolus (L.) and the influence of disturbance, competition and mutalism. , Ph.D. thesis. University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA.

Witman, J.D., 1985. Refuges, biological disturbance and rocky subtidal community structure in New England. Ecological Monographs, 55, 421-445.

Witt, J., 2004. Analysing brackish benthic communities of the Weser estuary: Spatial distribution, variability and sensitivity of estuarine invertebrates.Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven,

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